A guide to insect, disease, and animal pests of poplars. Both the nymphs and the adults may be found on a wide variety of weeds and plants. Philaenus is a genus of insects belonging to the family aphrophoridae, the spittlebugs. The froghopper, philaenus spumarius, holds the wor. The aphrophoridae or spittlebugs is a beetle that leaves white foam on plants. Aug 01, 2005 we found that infection by cucumber mosaic virus cmv altered the host plant quality of mimulus guttatus phrymaceae for meadow spittlebugs, philaenus spumarius hemiptera. On the polymorphic meadow spittlebug, philaenus spumarius. Colour polymorphisms are common among animal species. Click on the turn on captions button in the lower right hand corner of the screen and select your desired language. It is important to science because its entire genome has been sequenced. What horizontal distance did the froghopper cover for this worldrecord leap. Effects of virus infection of mimulus guttatus phrymaceae. They are usually a mottled brown and cream, but vary from cream to almost black.
List of publications related to philaenus if you want to add titles to this list please send them to sgseabra at fc. General information about philaenus spumarius philsu name language. Philaenus spumarius linnaeus, 1758 meadow froghopper. Pdf the meadow spittlebug, philaenus spumarius, is a highly polyphagous widespread species, playing a major role in the transmission of the bacterium. Potentialvectorsof xylella fastidiosa recorded in france. Cercopidae seluk yurtsever trakya university, faculty of the arts and science, department of biology, 22030 edirne turkey received. Markrecapture experiments to estimate the dispersal. The meadow spittlebug philaenus spumarius plays a major role in the spread of xylella fastidiosa in the first.
As is typical with froghoppers, they have two stout spines on the outer edge of the hind tibia, as well as several smaller spines at. The lsv carried out a fact sheet on philaenus spumarius, which could be the most. Subtitles are available in english, french, german, italian and spanish. To generate disease management strategies, data on x. New data on polymorphism of the meadow spittlebug philaenus spumarius l. Media in category philaenus spumarius the following 129 files are in this category, out of 129 total. Hemiptera, aphrophoridae, a widespread insect species in the holarctic region, exhibits a striking dorsal. Philaenus spumarius quadrimaculatus schrank, 1776 subspecies. On the meadow spittlebug philaenus spumarius article pdf available in turkish journal of zoology 24. Neophilaenus spumarius philaenus spumarius pallidus linnaeus, 1758 philaenus spumarius ustulatus puton, 1875 philaenus spumarius var. Philaenus stal, 1864 this is a stub page which contains only a minimal amount of information.
Plant selection and population trend of spittlebug. Aphrophoridae from the island of sao miguel azores. Color polymorphism photos large color variation from light grey to blackish. They are found behind leaf sheaths, in folded leaves, or on the leaves and stems in masses of froth or spittle during late april, may, and early june. Nov 15, 2016 colour polymorphisms are common among animal species. On the polymorphic meadow spittlebug, philaenus spumarius l.
Aphrophoridae, is an important vector for the xylemlimited bacterium xylella fastidiosa wells, raju, hung, weisburg, mandelcopaul, and brenner, which is associated with olive quick decline syndrome in southern italy. Philaenus spumarius definition of philaenus spumarius by. The effects of cmv infection on host plant quality, however, varied among fullsib m. Philaenus spumarius was identified as the predominant vector involved in the spread of x. Please find below my comments on the manuscript entitled ooctonus vulgatus hymenoptera, mymaridae, a potential biocontrol agent to reduce populations of philaenus spumarius hemiptera, aphrophoridae the main vector of xylella fastidiosa in europe. Philaenus spumarius is a very eurytopic species, meaning that these froghoppers can tolerate a wide range of environmental factors and therefore exist in many different habitats parks, meadows, gardens, etc. The role of natural enemies in the colour polymorphism of. Hemiptera, aphrophoridae, a widespread insect species in the holarctic region, exhibits a striking dorsal colourpattern balanced polymorphism. Melanism in populations of philpnus spumarius homoptera, aphrophoridae in czechoslovakia.
In italy, it is economically important as the vector of xylella fastidiosa. Philaenus spumarius pallidus linnaeus, 1758 philaenus spumarius ustulatus puton, 1875 philaenus spumarius var. Network analysis reveals why xylella fastidiosa will persist. The meadow spittlebugwas commonly called philaenus leu cophtalmus in the early literature, as for example in severin 1950andweaverandking1954.
Philaenus spumarius north american insect that severely damages grasses meadow spittlebug spittle insect, spittlebug. Due to its interesting biological aspects, the meadow spittlebug philaenus spumariushas received great attention from. With the help of over 7,000 of the worlds best wildlife filmmakers and photographers, conservationists and scientists, arkive. This meadow spittlebug is distributed among most of the palearctic and nearctic regions. The role of natural enemies in the colour polymorphism of philaenus spumarius l. The charts are based on 3 grower management levels for the first cutting i. The meadow spittlebug philaenus spumarius plays a major role in the spread of xylella fastidiosa in the first european outbreak of the bacterium. Philaenus spumarius oenotherae scopoli, 1763 subspecies. Pdf seasonal distribution of philaenus spumarius and. When combined with genetic and ecological data, these polymorphisms can be excellent systems in which to understand adaptation and the molecular changes underlying phenotypic evolution. Authors deleted from the abstract the overstatement that ooctonus vulgatus seems to be a promising biocontrol agent for philaenus spumarius, the vector of xylella fastidiosa. Network analysis reveals why xylella fastidiosa will. Description the adults are heavybodied, wedgeshaped insects about a quarter of an inch long. On the colour polymorphism of philaenus spumarius l.
Collection of data and information on biology and control of vectors. The froghopper, philaenus spumarius, holds the world record. We provided time estimates of the main demographic and. On the colour polymorphism of l philaenus spumarius l. A total of 7,967 specimens 4,354 males and 3,6 females of the meadow spittlebug philaenus spumarius l.
Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Duetoitspolymorphism,morethan50synonyms hadbeengiventop. New mitochondrial and nuclear evidences support recent. Xylella tutorial how to collect data on philaenus spumarius. Wildscreen s arkive project was launched in 2003 and grew to become the worlds biggest encyclopaedia of life on earth. As vector of xylella fastidiosa wells, 1987 in europe, the meadow spittlebug, philaenus spumarius linnaeus, 1758 hemiptera. We found that infection by cucumber mosaic virus cmv altered the host plant quality of mimulus guttatus phrymaceae for meadow spittlebugs, philaenus spumarius hemiptera. The meadow spittlebug, philaenus spumarius linnaeus, 1758 hemiptera, aphrophoridae, a widespread and highly polyphagous sapsucking insect species in the holarctic region, shows a well studied balanced polymorphism of dorsal colourpattern variation. This is an extremely common species, which can be found in almost all open habitats, including grasslands, gardens and open forests. The froghopper philaenus spumarius is supposedly the best jumper in the animal kingdom. Graduate thesis or dissertation plant architectural. Please contribute to wikispecies by adding references, type locality, holotype and synonyms.
To allow a clear comparison of the results, the number and percentage of infested plants were pooled by olive grove for all the. The meadow spittlebug philaenus spumarius hemiptera, aphrophoridae has been identified as a vector of x. Here, by focusing on the mtdna gene coi but also using the coii and cyt b genes and the nuclear gene ef1. Philaenus spumarius is a widespread insect species in the holarctic region.
Sensory receptors associated with the labial tip and. Philaenus spumarius is a spectacularly variable species, with many dramatically different colour forms, ranging from whitish yellow through to black. The genus name philaenus comes from the greek philein love, while the species name spumarius is from the latin. Adults are 5 7mm long and can typically be seen between june and september. Review history for ooctonus vulgatus hymenoptera, mymaridae. Field observations on the distribution of philaenus spumarius l. It has also been the subject of many studies of genetic diversity because it.
Ooctonus vulgatus hymenoptera, mymaridae, a potential biocontrol agent to reduce populations of philaenus spumarius hemiptera, aphrophoridae the main vector of xylella fastidiosa in europe pdf save to mendeley ris xml bibtex. The froghopper, philaenus spumarius, holds the world record for insect jumps. The eggs are laid in the stems of the plants at the end of summer. Transmission of xylella fastidiosa by naturally infected.
Description the adults are heavybodied, wedgeshaped insects about a quarter of an inch. Stunting is most serious in crops such as lucerne and tarragon in which populations can exceed 300m. It is now known that the spittle masses that are seen. Philaenus is a genus of insects belonging to the family aphrophoridae, the spittlebugs the meadow spittlebug philaenus spumarius is a common insect in much of the northern hemisphere, and it is sometimes a pest on crops such as alfalfa. It is a pest, but only when a large number is present references. In addition to stunting due to feeding, meadow spittlebugs have been. Distinguished from neophilaenus species by the entirely convex outer margin of the forewing, and the vertex plate. Hemiptera, aphrophoridae, a widespread insect species in the holarctic region. Species recognition must be validated by the observation of male genitalia.
The unique color pattern polymorphism and the foamy nymphal case of the meadow spittlebug philaenus spumarius have attracted the attention of scientists for centuries. The mouthparts of hemiptera have important roles in host plant selection, feeding behavior and for vectoring. Pest, vector of plant pest, natural enemy, exclude from isc. The froghopper philaenus spumarius is supposedly the best. Therefore, tools and agents to control this ubiquitous insect that develops and feeds on hundreds of plant species are wanted. Phylogeography and demographic history of the spittlebug. Observation of marked specimens revealed around 90 m in 24 h. Save map as png save map as svg save list as excel file save list as csv file. Mar 15, 2018 the unique color pattern polymorphism and the foamy nymphal case of the meadow spittlebug philaenus spumarius have attracted the attention of scientists for centuries. Nov 09, 2017 subtitles are available in english, french, german, italian and spanish. Even rather low population levels 1 per stem can affect plant height smith and ellis, 1983, fruit yields zajac and wilson, 1984 and seed production luczak, 1978.
Philaenus spumarius linnaeus, 1758 meadow froghopper meadow spittlebug diagnostic features the meadow spittlebug belongs to family aphrophoridae. Philaenus spumarius, the meadow froghopper or meadow spittlebug, is a species of insect belonging to the spittlebug family aphrophoridae. The meadow spittlebug, philaenus spumarius linnaeus hemiptera. Development of trichomes, depth of xylem elements, and tissue hardness were measured as possible factors determining the suitability of sites on food plants. This site gathers scientific information about philaenus spumarius hemiptera, aphrophoridae, the meadow spittlebug, a widespread species in the holarctic that has a characteristic foam production in the larval stages the spittle masses found in lower vegetation during spring and that has heritable colour variation in the dorsal patterns of the adults. The meadow spittlebug philaenus spumarius is a common insect in much of the northern hemisphere, and it is sometimes a pest on crops such as alfalfa. Nevertheless, since this species has never been considered a major threat to agriculture, biological, ecological and ethological data are missing and rather scattered. Media in category philaenus spumariusthe following 129 files are in this category, out of 129 total. File scanned at 300 ppi monochrome, 8bit grayscale using scandall pro 1. Although experimental crosses have revealed the mendelian inheritance of this trait, its genetic basis remains unknown. United states department of agriculture, forest service.
The use of the term potential is more appropriate and coherent with data collected in the present research. Pdf electrophysiological and behavioural response of. Functional anatomy of the precibarial valve in philaenus spumarius. Philaenus spumarius linnaeus, 1758 meadow froghopper, meadow spittlebug, cercope des pres. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the. Philaenus spumarius synonyms, philaenus spumarius pronunciation, philaenus spumarius translation, english dictionary definition of philaenus spumarius. Eseries 220w pdf use the charts below to determine when it is economical to control spittlebugs. Philaenus spumarius philsuoverview eppo global database.
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